The overall rating for creatine monohydrate is 2 out of 3 meaning there is some evidence that this supplement does some (not all) of what it claims. Using this supplement may lead to some improvements.
What is creatine?
Creatine is one of the most popular supplements available on the market with sales estimated at $400 million annually. This popularity comes for a good reason; creatine is one of the few supplements that consistently demonstrates its effectiveness in a high number of research articles. Read More
Table of Contents
- Articles
- Simple Report
- Detailed Report
- Overall Effectiveness Rating
- Research Rating
- Products Containing Creatine Monohydrate
- Claim Ratings
- Dosing
- The Bottom Line
- References
Articles
Creatine is one of the most popular supplements available on the market with sales estimated at $400...read more
Creatine and strength training go together like (insert your favorite pair). Creatine works by provi...read more
Plenty of studies have confirmed the positive effects of creatine supplementation. One meta analysis...read more
Caffeine is a popular supplement used to improve performance and increase alertness. Americans consu...read more
There are fundamental problems with supplementing creatine in order to improve aerobic performance. ...read more
The research on creatine and cardio was at best, mixed. While cardio is long and low or moderate int...read more
We know creatine has the most potential to help when coupled with short bouts of exercise where ener...read more
It’s fairly clear that creatine monohydrate causes weight gain. For many, this is a benefit. Unfor...read more
In this series, we've learned creatine definitely increases strength and muscle mass. It accomplishe...read more
There are quite a few supplements which claim to reduce muscle damage; creatine is one of them. The ...read more
Exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) is the result of a new workout routine or high intensity activ...read more
There is research demonstrating that consuming 20-30 grams of creatine per day for up to a week incr...read more
Cycling creatine on and off is unnecessary. There is no good research indicating that long term crea...read more
Creatine is a somewhat rare supplement in that there is plenty of evidence that backs its use. It im...read more
Creatine is a somewhat rare supplement in that there is plenty of evidence that backs its use. It im...read more
Creatine Monohydrate Simple Report
- Supplement: Creatine Monohydrate
- Supplement Category: creatine
- Number of Products Containing Creatine Monohydrate: 558
- Effectiveness Rating: 2 out of 3
- Research Rating: 113 (above 80 indicates sufficient research)
- Number of Studies: 60
- Number of Claims: 20
- Effective Dosage Range: 2 - 30 grams per day
Creatine Monohydrate Detailed Report
Overall Effectiveness Rating
The overall effectiveness rating for creatine monohydrate is 2 out of 3. This rating means the evidence is mixed on the supplement's ability to deliver positive results. While some of the research supports its use, other evidence does not. Using this supplement may lead to positive results. Note, this effectiveness rating is for creatine monohydrate as a whole; there are also individual ratings for the claims below.
Read more: What is the effectiveness rating?
Research Rating for Creatine Monohydrate
There are 60 studies in the database on creatine monohydrate; the research rating is 113. A score above 80 means the effectiveness rating for this supplement is reliable. A score under 80 means there is insufficient evidence to ensure a reliable effectiveness rating. Note, this research rating is for creatine monohydrate as a whole; there are also individual ratings for the claims below.
Read more: What is the research rating?
Products Containing Creatine Monohydrate
Claim Ratings
The overall ratings above are an average of the individual claim ratings below. Individual claims may have higher or lower ratings compared to the supplement's overall rating. For example, some supplements may have excellent backing for one claim, but be completely useless for another. Click on a claim below for more information.
Dosing
The Supplement Database includes 58 studies on creatine monohydrate dosing. These studies indicate an effective dose ranges from 2 to 30 grams per day, the average dose being 12.1 grams per day. For a more detailed dosing analysis visit: Supplement Dosing for Creatine Monohydrate.
The Bottom Line
Creatine is a somewhat rare supplement in that there is plenty of evidence that backs its use. It improves strength, enhances recovery, and increases muscle mass. It does not however, work on every activity. The evidence on creatine use to improve aerobic activity, high intensity exercise, sprints, and decrease body fat is at best, mixed.
There are various forms of creatine on the market. Creatine monohydrate is the cheapest, easiest to get, most widely studied, and arguably, most effective. Other forms are much more expensive and largely untested.
Effective creatine doses range from 2 to 30 grams per day. When using this supplement, start with a smaller dose as it may be just as effective as larger doses. Creatine can cause unwanted weight gain and gastrointestinal discomfort; avoid taking it right before exercise. Creatine has been shown to be safe and effective for upwards of five years; cycling it on and off is not necessary. Read full article: Is creatine worth taking?
References
Title of Study |
A buffered form of creatine does not promote greater changes in muscle creatine content, body composition, or training adaptations than creatine monohydrate |
Acute creatine supplementation and performance during a field test simulating match play in elite female soccer players |
Combined effect of creatine monohydrate or creatine hydrochloride and caffeine supplementation in runners’performance and body composition |
Creatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performance |
Creatine HCl and Creatine Monohydrate Improve Strength but Only Creatine HCl Induced Changes on Body Composition in Recreational Weightlifters |
Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation Does Not Augment Fitness, Performance, or Body Composition Adaptations in Response to Four Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Females |
Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females |
Creatine monohydrate supplementation on lower-limb muscle power in Brazilian elite soccer players |
Creatine supplementation and sprint performance in soccer players |
Creatine supplementation and the total work performed during 15-s and 1-min bouts of maximal cycling |
Creatine supplementation does not improve physical performance in a 150 m race |
Creatine supplementation does not reduce muscle damage or enhance recovery from resistance exercise |
Creatine supplementation enhances isometric strength and body composition improvements following strength exercise training in older adults |
Creatine supplementation enhances muscle force recovery after eccentrically-induced muscle damage in healthy individuals |
Creatine supplementation improves the anaerobic performance of elite junior fin swimmers |
Creatine supplementation in endurance sports |
Creatine supplementation in young soccer players |
Creatine Supplementation Supports the Rehabilitation of Adolescent Fin Swimmers in Tendon Overuse Injury Cases |
Creatine supplementation, sleep deprivation, cortisol, melatonin and behavior |
Creatine-electrolyte supplementation improves repeated sprint cycling performance: A double blind randomized control study |
Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine supplementation on intermittent high-intensity sprint performance |
Effect of creatine loading on long-term sprint exercise performance and metabolism |
Effect of creatine supplementation on aerobic performance and anaerobic capacity in elite rowers in the course of endurance training |
Effect of creatine supplementation on jumping performance in elite volleyball players |
Effect of creatine supplementation on metabolism and performance in humans during intermittent sprint cycling |
Effect of creatine supplementation on muscle damage and repair following eccentrically-induced damage to the elbow flexor muscles |
Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism |
Effect of low dose, short-term creatine supplementation on muscle power output in elite youth soccer players |
Effects of 4-Week Creatine Supplementation Combined with Complex Training on Muscle Damage and Sport Performance |
Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading |
Effects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humans |
Effects of creatine loading on muscular strength and endurance of female softball players |
Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation during combined strength and high intensity rowing training on performance |
Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on simulated soccer performance |
Effects of creatine on isometric bench-press performance in resistance-trained humans |
Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Athletic Performance and Body Composition after Complex Training |
Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance |
Effects of creatine supplementation on isometric force-time curve characteristics |
Effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power, endurance, and sprint performance |
Effects of creatine supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue threshold and muscle strength in elderly men and women (64 - 86 years) |
Effects of high dose oral creatine supplementation on anaerobic capacity of elite wrestlers |
Effects of oral creatine loading on single and repeated maximal short sprints |
Effects of plyometric training and creatine supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in female soccer players |
Effects of Whey Isolate, Creatine, and Resistance Training on Muscle Hypertrophy |
Is Long Term Creatine and Glutamine Supplementation Effective in Enhancing Physical Performance of Military Police Officers? |
Low dose creatine supplementation enhances sprint phase of 400 meters swimming performance |
Mg2+-creatine chelate and a low-dose creatine supplementation regimen improve exercise performance |
Oral creatine supplementation augments the repeated bout effect |
Pre-exercise oral creatine ingestion does not improve prolonged intermittent sprint exercise in humans |
Short and longer-term effects of creatine supplementation on exercise induced muscle damage |
Short-term creatine supplementation does not improve muscle activation or sprint performance in humans |
Short-term creatine supplementation has no impact on upper-body anaerobic power in trained wrestlers |
The effect of whey protein supplementation with and without creatine monohydrate combined with resistance training on lean tissue mass and muscle strength |
The effects of creatine ethyl ester supplementation combined with heavy resistance training on body composition, muscle performance, and serum and muscle creatine levels |
The Effects of Creatine Monohydrate and Creatine Hydrochloride Supplementation on Power in Trained Individuals |
The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on anaerobic performance and one-repetition maximum strength |
The effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation with and without D-pinitol on resistance training adaptations |
The effects of creatine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage |
The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Explosive Performance and Optimal Individual Postactivation Potentiation Time |
The effects of creatine supplementation on performance during the repeated bouts of supramaximal exercise |